高三英語(yǔ)
單元目標(biāo)
1．閱讀課文，體會(huì)勤奮工作和取得成績(jī)之間的關(guān)系，學(xué)習(xí)居里夫人為事業(yè)而獻(xiàn)身的精神．
2．掌握傳記體文學(xué)作品寫作特點(diǎn)和手法，學(xué)會(huì)寫作人物介紹的短文．
3．復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句，注意關(guān)系代詞的用法，特別是介詞+關(guān)系代詞which的用法
4．能用I’m sure，I’m not sure，I’m not sure whether/if，I doubt if等句型，對(duì)比較熟悉的話題作“肯定或不肯定”回答的交際練習(xí)．
5．對(duì)下列單詞和詞組應(yīng)達(dá)到“聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫”四會(huì)的能力要求：
from then on go by go over pay off post
set off work hard at devote
定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法
關(guān)系詞
性質(zhì)
從句中成分
例 句
who
關(guān)系代詞
主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)(人)
Our headmaster，who teaches us physics，is a good teacher．He is the person(who)I am looking for．
whom
關(guān)系代詞
主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)(人)
I saw the person(whom)you met yester-Day
(which) we spent in the countryside．
which
關(guān)系代詞
主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)(物)
The book which once gave me much pleasure is missing．
that
關(guān)系代詞
主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)(人／物)
I went back to the village(that)I visited last year．
All that is needed is a supply of oil．
Out of many people that succeed，few are remembered．
when
關(guān)系副詞
狀語(yǔ)(時(shí)間)
I will never forget the day when I studied here．
where
關(guān)系副詞
狀語(yǔ)(地點(diǎn))
The house where we once lived is over there．
備注1．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和介詞后面不能用關(guān)系代詞that．
2．先行詞是all，much，little，something，anything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that．
3．先行詞受序數(shù)詞、形容詞或the only，the very修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that．
4．先行詞中既有“人”，也有“物”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that．例如：
Later we talked about the things and persons (that) we remembered．
核心知識(shí)
掌握如下交際用語(yǔ)
(1)Perhaps I’ll go to that one．前面已經(jīng)談?wù)摰降哪硞�(gè)名詞，且交際雙方都很明白時(shí)，可用one代替這個(gè)名詞．如：
- Which pen do you like better，the red one or the blue one?
- The redone，please．
(2) Maybe it was useful for some people．
I’m not sure if/whether
I doubt if he’ll be asked to speak again next year．
I’m not sure that
當(dāng)說(shuō)話者對(duì)自己想說(shuō)的話題不肯定時(shí)，可用上述句型．當(dāng)說(shuō)話者對(duì)自己想說(shuō)的話題很肯定時(shí)，可用句型I’m sure．．．．
2．辨析下列單詞和短語(yǔ)
(1)invent 和 discover
invent譯為“發(fā)明”，指以前不存在的東西現(xiàn)在被“發(fā)明”了出來(lái)．
discover譯為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指以前本來(lái)存在而未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物，現(xiàn)在被“發(fā)現(xiàn)”了．
It is Thomas Edison that invented the electric lamp．
The matter that the Curies had discovered was radium．
(2) whether 和 if
whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句用做賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般可互換使用：
I don’t know whether/if Tom is studying here．
用作主語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，只能用whether，不能用if．例如：
Whether he is here or not is still unknown．
典型例題
討論難點(diǎn)
(1)The scientist ______ speech I went to was a man named Pierre．
[課本第5頁(yè)第3部分第1題]
應(yīng)填whose．(定語(yǔ)從句部分可理解為：I went to the scientist’s speech．)
(2)The institute ______ I studied had very little equipment．
[同上第9題]
應(yīng)填where．定語(yǔ)從句中的studied是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此關(guān)系詞應(yīng)為關(guān)系副詞．
同樣的例子還有：
The laboratory ____ she carried out her research was on the ground floor．
[ Workbook L．3]
請(qǐng)做下列兩題：
This is the school ____ I studied last year．
This is the school ____ I visited last year．
第一題應(yīng)填where；第二題應(yīng)填which，that或者不填，因?yàn)関isit是及物動(dòng)詞，這里應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞．
剖示考點(diǎn)
例 NMET 1994
(1)The weather turned to be very good，________we hadn’t expected．
A．it B．what C．that D．which
答案為D．根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法，這道題目并不難解，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞為“物”時(shí)，不能用that，應(yīng)用which．本題的難點(diǎn)是：整個(gè)主句為這句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞．
例 NMET 1993
(2)The doctor ______ is leaving for Africa next month．
A．the nurse is talking to him B．whom the nurse is talking
C．the nurse is talking to D．who the nurse is talking
答案為C．當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略關(guān)系代詞．本句中的talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有介詞to，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，因此B和D不對(duì)A之所以不對(duì)是介詞to已有賓語(yǔ)(關(guān)系代詞who或whom)，只不過(guò)是被省略了．選項(xiàng)A中的him使該定語(yǔ)從句不能成立．
例 NMET 2000
(3)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，________，of course，made the others unhappy．
A．who B．which C．this D．what
此句仍測(cè)試定語(yǔ)從句，考點(diǎn)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)主句充當(dāng)先行詞，答案是B．
【關(guān)于“Unit1 Madame Curie”的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題】
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題1: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit1 Madame Curie
問(wèn)題：
It is well known that Thomas Edison ______ the electric lamp．
A．invented B．discovered C．found D．developed
解答:
答案為A．
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題2: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit1 Madame Curie
問(wèn)題：
It is well known that Madame Curie _____the electric radium．
A．invented B．discovered C．found D．developed
解答:
答案為B．
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題3: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit1 Madame Curie
問(wèn)題：
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help．
A．that B．who C．for whom D．to whom
解答:
本題的實(shí)質(zhì)是測(cè)試動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)turn to sb．for help(求助于某人)．答案為D．
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題4: 高三英語(yǔ) Unit1 Madame Curie
問(wèn)題：
Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but __didn’t help．
A．he B．which C．she D．it
解答:
這類句子往往被錯(cuò)當(dāng)做定語(yǔ)從句處理，其原因是but，and，or，so這樣的并列連詞常被忽略．答案為D．